The basic problem
Water in masonry expands when it freezes. Repeated cycles open cracks, flake surfaces and loosen mortar.
Middle Tennessee has many cycles each winter.
Spalling
Spalling is when the face of a brick or stone flakes off. It is a common result of trapped water.
Replace badly spalled units.
Mortar and joints
Open joints let water in. Repointing before winter prevents damage.
Use mortar suited to the wall.
Horizontal surfaces
Patios, steps and caps hold water and suffer most. Slope and sealing help.
Avoid salt on masonry.
De-icing products
Rock salt and some deicers attack concrete and brick. Use sand or approved products.
Rinse in spring.
Prevention
Fix leaks, clear gutters and keep water away. Seal breathable.
An autumn walk-around helps.
Our advice in one sentence
Keep water out before winter and avoid salt on masonry.
